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Understanding the Types of Certificates of Occupancy in Nigeria by Dennis Isong

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A Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is a crucial legal document that establishes the right of an individual or entity to possess and utilize a piece of land in Nigeria.

This document plays a pivotal role in the country’s land tenure system, and there are various types of Certificates of Occupancy, each with its unique features and implications.

The Statutory Right of Occupancy is one of the most common types of C of O in Nigeria. It is issued under the provisions of the Land Use Act of 1978, which vests all lands in the country in the government. Individuals or entities seeking to acquire land must apply for this type of C of O.

The government grants the statutory right of occupancy for a specified term, typically 99 years, and the landholder is expected to comply with the terms and conditions outlined in the document.

  1. Statutory Right of Occupancy:
  1. Customary Right of Occupancy:

In areas where customary land tenure systems prevail, the Customary Right of Occupancy is applicable. This type of C of O recognizes and formalizes land rights based on customary practices. It is crucial for individuals to adhere to the customary rules of the community to obtain and maintain this right of occupancy. The Customary Right of Occupancy provides a legal framework for land ownership within the context of local customs and traditions.

  1. Deemed Grant:

The Deemed Grant of C of O occurs when an individual or entity has been in continuous and undisturbed possession of land for an extended period, typically 12 years.

In such cases, the law deems the government to have granted the occupier the right to the land. However, the conditions for a Deemed Grant vary, and it is essential for individuals to consult legal professionals to ensure compliance.

  1. Rural Certificate of Occupancy:

Specifically designed for rural areas, the Rural Certificate of Occupancy is a form of land title that aims to encourage agricultural and rural development.

It provides a legal basis for individuals to engage in agricultural activities and other developments in rural settings. The conditions for obtaining this type of C of O often involve demonstrating a commitment to rural development projects.

Challenges and Considerations:

While Certificates of Occupancy provide a legal framework for land ownership in Nigeria, there are challenges and considerations that individuals should be aware of.

Delays in the issuance of C of O, bureaucratic processes, and disputes over land ownership are common issues that can arise. It is crucial for individuals to navigate these challenges by seeking legal advice, conducting due diligence, and engaging with the appropriate land authorities.

Legal Compliance:

Compliance with the conditions outlined in the Certificate of Occupancy is paramount. Failure to adhere to the terms and obligations specified in the document can lead to revocation of the C of O. Regular inspections and assessments by relevant authorities may occur, underscoring the importance of continuous compliance.

Certificates of Occupancy in Nigeria are instrumental in securing land rights and fostering responsible land use

Land Use Planning:

Certificates of Occupancy are also closely tied to land use planning. Zoning regulations, environmental considerations, and adherence to development plans are integral aspects that landholders must take into account. It is essential to ensure that any development on the land aligns with the stipulations set forth in the C of O and local planning regulations.

Professional Assistance:

Given the complexity of land laws and the potential challenges in the process, individuals are strongly advised to seek professional assistance. Legal experts specializing in real estate and land matters can provide invaluable guidance, ensuring that all legal requirements are met and potential pitfalls are avoided.

Future Developments:

The landscape of land tenure in Nigeria may undergo changes with evolving legislation and policies. Staying informed about any amendments to land laws and government policies is crucial for individuals holding Certificates of Occupancy. Adapting to these changes will help protect landholders’ rights and interests over time.

Certificates of Occupancy in Nigeria are instrumental in securing land rights and fostering responsible land use. However, navigating the complexities of the land tenure system requires diligence, compliance, and a proactive approach. Whether acquiring a Statutory Right of Occupancy, adhering to Customary Land practices, or benefiting from a Deemed Grant, individuals should be aware of the challenges and considerations involved. Seeking professional assistance and staying informed about legal developments will contribute to a secure and sustainable land ownership experience in Nigeria.

▪︎Dennis Isong is a TOP REALTOR IN LAGOS.He Helps Nigerians in Diaspora to Own Property In Lagos Nigeria STRESS-FREE. For Questions WhatsApp/Call 2348164741041

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A Review of Akwa Ibom State Government’s July Delivery Meeting

Stakeholders at the meeting delivered goodwill messages, commending Governor Umo Eno for institutionalising the Delivery Meeting as a platform for transparency, accountability, and inclusive governance.

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Image: Governor Umo Eno

  1. The Akwa Ibom State Government’s Monthly Delivery Meeting concluded its two-day July session, with Governor Umo Eno presiding over an extensive review of the administration’s strategic projects across key sectors.
  2. Hon. Aniekan UmanahCommissioner for Information, reported that the meeting forms part of ongoing efforts to monitor implementation, evaluate progress, and ensure the timely delivery of projects under the ARISE Agenda.
  3. In his opening remarks on Day Two, Governor Eno reiterated that the Delivery Meeting has become a vital accountability mechanism for tracking the performance of government projects and ensuring that every initiative delivers measurable value to the people of the State.
  4. He stressed that the sessions provide an opportunity for honest appraisal, collective problem-solving, and improved coordination among implementing agencies as the administration continues to deliver on its commitments under the ARISE Agenda. Quoting the Greek philosopher Socrates, the Governor said, “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
  5. Before the commencement of the Day Two session, Governor Eno paid an unscheduled visit to the ARISE Palm Resort, an audacious tourism project built on a 73-hectare gully reclamation site, to verify claims made during the previous day’s presentations and assess firsthand the level of progress on the facility, which is scheduled for commissioning later in the year.
  6. The meeting received comprehensive presentations on key projects across multiple sectors of the state’s development programme, including agriculture, trade and investment, maritime and transportation, health, internal security, housing, tourism, local government administration, direct labour projects, and other flagship initiatives.
  7. Under the agricultural sector, presentations were made on the Ibom Model Farm, Agric Equipment Leasing Company, Distribution of Oil Palm Seedlings Programme, Dakkada Global Oil Palm Project, and the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP), with emphasis on mechanised farming, food security, and job creation.
  8. The Ministry of Trade and Investment presented updates on the International Market, Ikot Ekpene, highlighting its role in boosting commerce, attracting investment, and strengthening regional trade.
  9. The meeting noted the significant progress recorded on the project and urged the contractors to sustain the pace of work.
  10. In the maritime and transport sector, updates were presented on the Oron Maritime Infrastructure Project, which is aimed at improving maritime transportation, boosting commerce, and stimulating economic growth as part of the administration’s broader Blue Economy development initiatives.
  11. The health sector presentation covered the Ibom International Hospital, General Hospitals in Ukanafun, Ibiono Ibom, Ikot Ekpene, Iquita-Oron, Ikot Ekpene Udo, and other State of Emergency Health Projects, reinforcing the government’s commitment to providing accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare services.
  12. The Ministry of Internal Security and Waterways presented progress on the Counter Terrorism Unit Base, aimed at strengthening security infrastructure and enhancing public safety across the state.
  13. The Ministry of Housing provided updates on the Doctors’ Residence and the Executive and Legislative Quarters, projects aimed at providing decent accommodation while supporting urban renewal and improving living standards.
  14. In the tourism sector, progress on the Ibom International Hotel at the Convention Arena was reviewed, with emphasis on repositioning the facility to boost tourism, hospitality, and investment opportunities.
  15. Updates from the Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs covered the Chairmen’s Lodges, with an assurance that all 31 lodges will be completed by December 2026 to strengthen administrative efficiency at the grassroots level.
  16. The Direct Labour Committee reported progress on the Youth Development Centres, the One Project Per Local Government Area (Phase II), the Judiciary Village, and the House of Assembly Complex, all aimed at strengthening governance infrastructure and promoting youth development.
  17. Other strategic projects reviewed included the ARISE Shopping City, ARISE Park Beach Villas, AKBC Project, Model Secondary School, Senior Citizens Centre, and the Nigeria Formr Women Project, reflecting the administration’s broad development agenda across multiple sectors.
  18. Stakeholders at the meeting delivered goodwill messages, commending Governor Umo Eno for institutionalising the Delivery Meeting as a platform for transparency, accountability, and inclusive governance.
  19. Senator Effiong Bob commended the Governor for consistently engaging stakeholders in the governance process, noting that the ARISE Agenda is making measurable progress while praising the administration’s openness and transparency. Senior Advocate of Nigeria, Assam Assam, described the meeting as the most impactful yet, citing visible progress across sectors, particularly in healthcare infrastructure and service delivery.
  20. The Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly, Rt. Hon. Udeme Otong, lauded the Governor’s leadership and assured him of the continued support and collaboration of the State House of Assembly.
  21. The Oku Ibom Ibibio and President-General of the Supreme Council of Traditional Rulers, His Eminence, Ntenyin Dr. Solomon Etuk, JP, expressed pride in the administration’s developmental strides and commended Governor Eno’s inclusive approach to governance.
  22. In his closing remarks, Governor Umo Eno appreciated all participants, Heads of Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Delivery Advisors, stakeholders, and contractors for their contributions to the two-day review exercise, noting that the sessions were rigorous but necessary in strengthening governance and ensuring accountability.
  23. The Governor stated that the administration is entering its “harvest season” as it gradually winds down its first term, adding that observations from the meeting would be used to further improve service delivery and implementation efficiency.
  24. He reaffirmed the government’s commitment to completing all ongoing projects within set timelines and urged implementing agencies to sustain the momentum and maintain high standards in project execution for the benefit of the people of Akwa Ibom State.
  25. At the conclusion of the Delivery Meeting, Governor Eno led stakeholders on an inspection visit to the Ibom Convention Arena to assess ongoing work on the 200-bed Ibom International Hotel project, which is billed for commissioning later in the year.
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Explosion rocks Apapa tank farm; NPA, NIMASA move to curtail spread

Following the outbreak the fire service departments of both the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) moved in to curtail the spread of the inferno.

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Panic erupted at the Lagos tank farm cluster at Ibafon, Apapa, on Friday morning after a fire broke out at the Bono Tank Farm, located within the Best Energy Tank Farm complex.

The inferno sent residents and workers in the area fleeing for safety as emergency responders moved in to contain the blaze.

Following the outbreak the fire service departments of both the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) moved in to curtail the spread of the inferno.

Efforts to obtain comments from the management of Bono Tank Farm and Best Energy Tank Farm were unsuccessful, as phone calls and text messages sent to their representatives were neither answered nor acknowledged.

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FG slams 8-count charges on Adeyemi over fake agency ” I’m not a criminal”, he defends

It was learned that the alleged ‘‘fake’’ Presidential Economic Advisory Council/Presidential Foreign Intervention Promotion Council was allocated N1.302 billion in the 2026 Budget of the Federal Government.

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Photo: Gbajabiamila, and Adeyemi

The Federal Government has filed an 8-count charges against Adeniyi Adeyemi, convener of a purported Presidential Foreign Intervention Promotion Council, PFIPC, over the controversy trailing the agency.

Adeyemi, however, fought back claiming that he was given an appointment letter.

Adeyemi, during an appearance on Channels Television claimed that the Chief of Staff to the President, Mr. Femi Gbajabiamila gave him an appointment letter, insisting that he is not a criminal.

However, it was learned that the alleged ‘‘fake’’ Presidential Economic Advisory Council/Presidential Foreign Intervention Promotion Council was allocated N1.302 billion in the 2026 Budget of the Federal Government.

In a statement on Wednesday, Bayo Onanuga, presidential spokesperson, said the charges were filed by the Police on November 27, 2025, against Adeyemi and two accomplices at the Federal High Court in Abuja.

Onanuga said Adeyemi is expected to appear in court on July 27, 2026.

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