Business
The rich country with the worst mobile-phone service
5G networks are fast. Their roll-out is not
(The Economist)
BRITAIN HAS long been a pioneer in telecoms. In 1837 it built the world’s first commercial telegraph; the first transatlantic call was placed from London in 1927; in 1992 a British programmer sent the first text message to a mobile phone.
Today it lags rather than leads. According to figures provided to The Economist by Opensignal, a research firm, Britain ranks 46th for download speeds out of the 56 developed and developing countries for which there are data (see chart).
That gives it the worst mobile service in the rich world. Some of this is due to demand. Over the past three years data usage on mobile devices has doubled as people stream films and play games.
The busiest parts of cities often lack mobile reception because the system is at capacity. But mainly it is an issue of supply.
British users of 5G—the fifth generation of networks, which offers speeds up to ten times faster than 4G—are only on it 11% of the time. That puts Britain 43rd out of the 56 countries.
This lacklustre performance is caused by a combination of government U-turns, insufficient investment and sclerotic planning.
First, the U-turns. Until 2020 Britain’s four mobile operators were enthusiastic buyers of 5G equipment manufactured by Huawei, a Chinese firm.
But after intense lobbying from America, Britain’s politicians reversed course: telecoms operators must now remove all their 5G Huawei equipment by 2027.
This has delayed 5G’s roll-out. The country’s four mobile providers—BT/EE, O2, Three and Vodafone—have spent about £2bn ($2.6bn) over the past four years ripping out and replacing Huawei equipment. Second, the need for more investment.
About 90% of Britain’s 5G signals are broadcast from bolt-ons to the existing 4G network.
This “non-stand-alone” version of 5G does not allow “network slicing”, a way to get greater capacity in congested areas, or the quick response times needed to communicate with new technologies such as self-driving cars.
A new “core network” using stand-alone technology must be installed to get the full benefits of 5G. But, according to Frontier Economics, a consultancy, the four mobile operators are likely to invest only about £9bn of the £22bn-32bn required.
A marriage might help. Vodafone and Three, the country’s third- and fourth-largest mobile operators, say they are too small to justify the high capital expenditure of stand-alone 5G, and that they would invest £11bn over a decade if they could merge.
Karen Egan of Enders Analysis, a consultancy, estimates that synergies would result in a 30% increase in network capacity.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), a watchdog, is due to decide on the merger on December 7th; it has suggested that 5G investment would be a legally binding condition for a deal. Even if the CMA allows the merger, improving 5G network capacity means erecting more masts.
In 2022 the rules were loosened to permit masts less than 30 metres high to be built without having to seek planning permission. But operators still complain.
Shorter masts cover a smaller area, so more must be built. O2 says it takes at least six months to get a decision on a mast over 30 metres high; applications are often stymied by local opposition.
Overcoming these obstacles is vital for achieving the goal of universal 5G by 2030.
It will also be needed for the eventual roll-out of 6G. In laboratory environments the next generation of mobile networks has reportedly notched up speeds 100 times faster than 5G. Britain is anything but that.■
Business
Supreme Court Overturns Appellate’s Ruling on $2bn Debt Recovery Battles Nestoil /Neconde Energy vs FBNQuest Merchant Bank
In the lead judgment read by Justice Mohammed Baba Idris, the five-member apex court panel held it was a “legal anomaly” to allow lawyers appointed by the Receiver/Manager to also represent the companies, citing a conflict of interest.
The Supreme Court of Nigeria on Friday ruled in favor of Nestoil and Neconde Energy, overturning a previous appellate court decision that disqualified their legal counsel, including Wole Olanipekun (SAN) and Muiz Banire (SAN).
The court upheld the companies’ right to appoint their own lawyers to challenge the ongoing receivership.
The apex court ruled that despite the receivership initiated by a consortium of banks, Nestoil and Neconde retain the right to appoint their own legal counsel to challenge that very receivership.
Nestoil Limited (an oil services firm) and its affiliate Neconde Energy Limited (which holds interests in Oil Mining Lease 42) are embroiled in a multi billion-dollar debt recovery suit filed by lenders, primarily FBNQuest Merchant Bank Limited and First Trustees Limited.
The lenders allege that Nestoil, Neconde, and their promoters (Ernest Azudialu-Obiejesi and Nnenna Azudialu-Obiejesi) owe over $2 billion (plus N430 billion in related liabilities) under financing arrangements, including a Common Terms Agreement.
In the lead judgment read by Justice Mohammed Baba Idris, the five-member apex court panel held it was a “legal anomaly” to allow lawyers appointed by the Receiver/Manager to also represent the companies, citing a conflict of interest.
The judgment affirms that the boards of the companies retain the authority to act in defense of the companies’ interests.
A receiver/manager was appointed over the companies’ assets and interests, leading to disputes over who controls the companies and who can represent them in court.
In January 2026, the Supreme Court sent related appeals back to the Court of Appeal to resolve the preliminary issue of legal representation before proceeding on the merits.
On January 23, 2026, the Court of Appeal disqualified senior advocates Wole Olanipekun (SAN) (for Neconde) and Muiz Banire (SAN) (for Nestoil), ruling that the Ernest Azudialu-Obiejesi-led boards lacked authority to appoint counsel once the receiver/manager was in place. It allowed counsel appointed by the receiver to represent the companies instead.
Nestoil/Neconde and their promoters appealed this disqualification to the Supreme Court (one key appeal being SC/CV/48B/2026 by Neconde).
The apex court had reserved judgment after hearing arguments from a five-member panel.
In Friday’s ruling, the Supreme Court upheld the appeal by Nestoil and Neconde (and their promoters).
It set aside the Court of Appeal’s judgment disqualifying the companies’ chosen counsel.
Their boards (led by Ernest Azudialu-Obiejesi) retain the authority to appoint counsel of their choice to defend their interests, particularly since the validity of the receivership itself is being challenged.
Allowing the receiver/manager’s counsel (appointed by the lenders) to represent the companies would create a serious conflict of interest and undermine fairness and independence in legal representation.
The arrangement involving the lenders (FBNQuest and First Trustees) as appointors of the receiver was deemed fundamentally flawed.
The appointments of Wole Olanipekun (SAN) and Dr. Muiz Banire (SAN) (along with their teams) as counsel for Neconde and Nestoil are restored.
The companies are now free to proceed with their preferred lawyers in the ongoing debt recovery proceedings.
The ruling is procedural (focused solely on representation) and does not decide the merits of the underlying debt claims or receivership.
Those substantive issues will now continue in the lower courts with the restored counsel.
The Central Bank of the Democratic Republic of Congo (BCC) has announced plans to prohibit cash transactions in foreign currencies, including the US dollar, starting April 9, 2027, in a fresh attempt to promote the use of the local Congolese franc (CDF) and reduce dollarisation in the economy.
In a statement issued on Thursday, April 9, 2026, the BCC declared that from the effective date, “no person will be authorised to carry out cash transactions in foreign currencies,” and commercial banks will no longer be allowed to import or distribute physical foreign banknotes.
Under the new measure, payments in dollars, euros or other foreign currencies will still be permitted, but only through electronic means such as bank transfers, cards, or mobile money platforms. Cash dealings must be conducted exclusively in Congolese francs.
The BCC’s move aims to strengthen the national currency, enhance monetary sovereignty, and curb the widespread use of the US dollar, which dominates many business transactions in the country despite official policies favouring the CDF.
The Congolese economy has long been heavily dollarised, with foreign currency widely accepted even in everyday dealings.
This is not the first attempt by the BCC to limit dollar use. Previous efforts to ban or restrict foreign currency have largely failed to take full effect, as the dollar remains deeply entrenched in commerce, mining, and daily life across the vast Central African nation.
The announcement comes amid broader initiatives by the central bank, including interventions in the foreign exchange market and efforts to build gold reserves, to support the Congolese franc and reduce reliance on the US dollar.
Analysts and businesses are watching closely to see how the policy will be enforced, given past challenges in implementing similar restrictions in a country where cash remains king and banking penetration is relatively low.
The BCC has urged the public and financial institutions to prepare for the transition and to rely increasingly on formal banking and electronic payment systems.
Further details on implementation guidelines and penalties for non-compliance are expected in the coming months. The public is advised to monitor official communications from the Banque Centrale du Congo for updates.
Business
Crude Oil Prices Drop Below $95 After US-Iran Ceasefire
Earlier, crude prices had surged above $110 per barrel amid fears of supply disruptions as tensions escalated in the Middle East.
Crude oil prices fell below $95 per barrel in early trading on Wednesday following a ceasefire agreement between the United States and Iran.
The global oil benchmark fell by about 13% to around $94–$95 per barrel, marking one of the steepest single-day declines in recent years after weeks of war-driven price spikes.
The dramatic selloff came after U.S. President Donald Trump announced a conditional two-week ceasefire, pausing military operations in exchange for the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz—a critical route for global oil shipments.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI), the U.S. benchmark, also dropped significantly to around $95–$96 per barrel, reflecting a broad easing of geopolitical tensions and a rapid unwinding of the war risk premium in oil markets.
Earlier, crude prices had surged above $110 per barrel amid fears of supply disruptions as tensions escalated in the Middle East.
However, the ceasefire has restored some confidence that oil flows will resume, triggering a sharp correction in prices.
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