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The rich country with the worst mobile-phone service

5G networks are fast. Their roll-out is not

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(The Economist)

BRITAIN HAS long been a pioneer in telecoms. In 1837 it built the world’s first commercial telegraph; the first transatlantic call was placed from London in 1927; in 1992 a British programmer sent the first text message to a mobile phone.

Today it lags rather than leads. According to figures provided to The Economist by Opensignal, a research firm, Britain ranks 46th for download speeds out of the 56 developed and developing countries for which there are data (see chart).

That gives it the worst mobile service in the rich world. Some of this is due to demand. Over the past three years data usage on mobile devices has doubled as people stream films and play games.

The busiest parts of cities often lack mobile reception because the system is at capacity. But mainly it is an issue of supply.

British users of 5G—the fifth generation of networks, which offers speeds up to ten times faster than 4G—are only on it 11% of the time. That puts Britain 43rd out of the 56 countries.

This lacklustre performance is caused by a combination of government U-turns, insufficient investment and sclerotic planning.

First, the U-turns. Until 2020 Britain’s four mobile operators were enthusiastic buyers of 5G equipment manufactured by Huawei, a Chinese firm.

But after intense lobbying from America, Britain’s politicians reversed course: telecoms operators must now remove all their 5G Huawei equipment by 2027. 

This has delayed 5G’s roll-out. The country’s four mobile providers—BT/EE, O2, Three and Vodafone—have spent about £2bn ($2.6bn) over the past four years ripping out and replacing Huawei equipment. Second, the need for more investment.

About 90% of Britain’s 5G signals are broadcast from bolt-ons to the existing 4G network.

This “non-stand-alone” version of 5G does not allow “network slicing”, a way to get greater capacity in congested areas, or the quick response times needed to communicate with new technologies such as self-driving cars.

A new “core network” using stand-alone technology must be installed to get the full benefits of 5G. But, according to Frontier Economics, a consultancy, the four mobile operators are likely to invest only about £9bn of the £22bn-32bn required.

A marriage might help. Vodafone and Three, the country’s third- and fourth-largest mobile operators, say they are too small to justify the high capital expenditure of stand-alone 5G, and that they would invest £11bn over a decade if they could merge.

Karen Egan of Enders Analysis, a consultancy, estimates that synergies would result in a 30% increase in network capacity. 

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), a watchdog, is due to decide on the merger on December 7th; it has suggested that 5G investment would be a legally binding condition for a deal. Even if the CMA allows the merger, improving 5G network capacity means erecting more masts.

In 2022 the rules were loosened to permit masts less than 30 metres high to be built without having to seek planning permission. But operators still complain.

Shorter masts cover a smaller area, so more must be built. O2 says it takes at least six months to get a decision on a mast over 30 metres high; applications are often stymied by local opposition.

Overcoming these obstacles is vital for achieving the goal of universal 5G by 2030.

It will also be needed for the eventual roll-out of 6G. In laboratory environments the next generation of mobile networks has reportedly notched up speeds 100 times faster than 5G. Britain is anything but that.■

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Reps summon Dangote and NMDPRA over fuel imports feud

The lawmakers have formally invited both parties to provide detailed explanations, stressing that only a full understanding of the issues will allow the National Assembly to broker lasting solutions.

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The House of Representatives Joint Committee on Petroleum Resources (Downstream and Midstream) has intervened to halt rising tensions between the Dangote Refinery group and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA).

The joint committee on Monday summoned Alhaji Aliko Dangote and the NMDPRA leadership to present their grievances before the committee, while both sides are ordered to cease all media hostilities pending a swift investigation.

The committees, jointly led by Hon. Ikenga Imo Ugochinyere and Hon. Henry Okogie, convened an emergency meeting to address what they described as “growing tension” threatening the stability of the downstream petroleum sector.

Ugochinyere said that the intervention was necessary to prevent further escalation at a critical time when government and industry stakeholders are working to stabilise supply, pricing, and regulation in the post-subsidy era.

“The renewed tension in the downstream sector, stemming from allegations by Alhaji Aliko Dangote against the NMDPRA, demanded urgent attention,” he said.

“The committee is committed to protecting the stability achieved in the sector.”

The lawmakers have formally invited both parties to provide detailed explanations, stressing that only a full understanding of the issues will allow the National Assembly to broker lasting solutions.

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Dangote appoints ex-CBN director Mahmud Hassan, as chief economist

In his new role, Hassan will serve as the Group’s top adviser on economic strategy, market trends, and policy implications, reporting directly to the President of the Group, Aliko Dangote.

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The Dangote Group has appointed renowned economist and former Central Bank of Nigeria Director, Dr Mahmud Hassan, as its Group Chief Economist.

In a statement released on Monday, the Group said the appointment would strengthen its economic advisory capacity at a time of heightened global and domestic market volatility.

In his new role, Hassan will serve as the Group’s top adviser on economic strategy, market trends, and policy implications, reporting directly to the President of the Group, Aliko Dangote.

Dangote Group said Hassan brings more than 30 years of experience in economic policy formulation, financial sector regulation, and central banking to his new role.

During his long career at the CBN, he held several senior positions, including Director of the Trade and Exchange Department and Director of the Monetary Policy Department.

He also served as Secretary to the Monetary Policy Committee and as Special Assistant on Economic Policy and Research to the CBN Governor

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NBS says rebasing behind inflation’s dropping

NBS, in the report published on its website on Monday, headline inflation further declined to 14.45 percent compared with 16.05 percent recorded in October 2025.

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The National Bureau of Statistics (nbs) attributes the droppings in headline inflation to the rebasing exercise it carried out five months ago, with the new base year set at 2024 instead of 2009.

NBS, in the report published on its website on Monday, headline inflation further declined to 14.45 percent compared with 16.05 percent recorded in October 2025.

NBS said that the Consumer Price Index rose to 130.5 points in November 2025 from 128.9 points in October, reflecting a 1.6-point increase from the preceding month (128.9).“

Looking at the movement, the November 2025 Headline inflation rate showed a decrease of 1.6 per cent compared to the October 2025 Headline inflation rate,” the NBS report read.

On a month-on-month basis, headline inflation stood at 1.22 per cent in November, higher than the 0.93 per cent recorded in October, indicating that average prices still increased at a faster pace during the month despite the moderation in annual inflation.

The statistical agency noted that on a year-on-year basis, headline inflation in November 2025 was 20.15 percentage points lower than the 34.60 per cent recorded in November 2024, largely reflecting the effect of the rebasing exercise, with the new base year set at 2024 instead of 2009.

Data from the report showed that the average CPI for the twelve months ending November 2025 increased by 20.41 per cent compared with the average of the preceding twelve months, representing a sharp slowdown from the 32.77 per cent recorded in November 2024.

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