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JUST IN: CBN cautions Nigeria, others against debt distress 

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The Central Bank of Nigeria has warned Nigeria and other West African nations regarding trends in borrowing practices.

Traditionally, nations often relied on loans from the Paris Club, a group of creditor countries.

However, the CBN said it has observed a significant shift towards borrowing from non-Paris Club members and private lenders, such as banks and investors who buy government bonds.

The West African Institute for Financial and Economic Management has warned that Nigeria is at a high risk of falling into debt distress and urged the federal government to look for ways of improving revenue generation.

Governor of the CBN, Yemi Cardoso, gave the warning in Abuja at the Joint World Bank/IMF/WAIFEM Regional Training on Medium Term Debt Management Strategy in Abuja on Monday.

Represented by Dr Mohammed Musa Tumala, Director of the Monetary Policy Department of the CBN, Cardoso noted that while this change in who countries owe money to might seem like a minor detail, he emphasised that it is a critical development with serious implications.

He argued that the way countries manage debt owed to the Paris Club may not be as effective for these new lenders. Cardoso expressed concern that this new debt landscape could pose a threat to financial stability and economic recovery for many countries.

Cardoso said, “Public debt dynamics are increasingly influenced by significant debt servicing obligations to non-Paris Club members and private lenders, including commercial banks and bond investors.

“This shift in the debt structure represents a critical evolution in the global financial framework, with profound ramifications for public debt management in our countries.”

He also stated that recent events like the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, and natural disasters have put a strain on many countries’ finances, making them more likely to seek loans from diverse sources.

However, these non-traditional lenders might come with stricter repayment terms and potentially higher risks compared to Paris Club loans.

“Following the COVID-19 pandemic, along with other developments such as geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters, the financial strain on our sub-region has escalated, posing a threat to their macroeconomic and financial stability and prospects for faster recovery,” he said.

Nigeria, despite being classified as having generally moderate debt risk, the CBN urged the federal government to remain cautious, particularly regarding potential liquidity risks. These risks, if not addressed effectively, could stem from weak revenue mobilization, a persistent challenge hindering debt sustainability and economic stability.

What the CBN is saying is that while Nigeria’s overall debt risk is considered moderate, the country still needs to be careful about its ability to pay back its loans (liquidity risk). This risk could become a problem if the government doesn’t collect enough revenue (money) in the future.

Dr Baba Yusuf Musa, Director General of the West African Institute for Financial and Economic Management told journalists, “When you compare Nigeria with the rest of the world or peer countries, you realise that with the 37 per cent debt to GDP ratio, we still have room to borrow but the issue with the Nigerian debt is you don’t use GDP to pay debts rather you use the revenue to pay for any debt”

He added, “If you look at it from the revenue side Nigeria is at a high risk of debt distress in terms of our borrowing so what we need to do now is to step up our capacity to generate revenue, the more revenue we have, the less ratio of debt to revenue we have.”

WAIFEM, he said, is “very much in support of what the federal government is doing because there is a window for the government to raise more revenue, all that the people need to do is to support the federal government diversify the sources of revenue and of course generate more sources of revenue, once we have this we don’t have debt problem but rather revenue problem.

He added, “What the Medium Term Debt Strategy does is that it smoothens the debt service so that going forward when borrowing, you take into consideration the redemption profile that you have and the type of loans that you have in your existing portfolio and then it will enable you also to minimise the cost and risk the future loans will add to the debt portfolio.”

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For The Record: “I Will Build an “NNPC that’ll be the Pride of Nigerians”- Ojulari

Ojulari said that the NNPC Ltd. under his stewardship aims to attract sectoral investments worth $30 billion by 2027 and $60 billion by 2030; raise crude oil production to over 2 million barrels per day, sustained through 2027, and attain 3 million by 2030.

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The new Group Chief Executive Officer of the NNPC Ltd., Mr. Bashir Bayo Ojulari, has pledged to build an NNPCL that will be the pride of all Nigerians.

“We recognize that our greatest asset is our people. Our success will be powered by empowered employees. As such, we are fully committed to creating a workplace where everyone is valued, motivated, and inspired to thrive. Together, we will build a high-performing, globally competitive NNPC Ltd that is proudly Nigerian and proudly world-class,” Ojulari said during a meeting with the staff of the Company, with a vow to pursue the company’s bold ambitions and build an NNPC that will be the pride of all Nigerians.

In a Town Hall meeting held at the NNPC Towers in Abuja, on Thursday, Ojulari said it was a huge honour and responsibility to lead the NNPC Ltd.

He describes the Company as an entity that means a lot to Nigeria and its future.

“We stand at the gateway of a new era—one that demands courage, professionalism, and a relentless drive for excellence.

The task before us is great, yet the opportunity to redefine Nigeria’s energy future is even greater. Now is the time to turn our transformation promise into performance,” Ojulari told thousands of the Company’s staff.

Ojulari said that the NNPC Ltd. under his stewardship aims to attract sectoral investments worth $30 billion by 2027 and $60 billion by 2030; raise crude oil production to over 2 million barrels per day, sustained through 2027, and attain 3 million by 2030; expand refining output to 200kbpd by 2027, and 500kbpd by 2030; grow gas production to 10bcf per day by 2027, and 12bcf by 2030 and deepen energy access and affordability for all Nigerians.

To achieve these targets, the company will be focusing on reconfiguring its business structure for agility and value creation, conducting independent value assessments to inform data-driven decisions, enforcing a robust performance management framework, building transparent, value-aligned partnerships with all stakeholders, and, most critically, taking control of its narrative.

While explaining the criticality of pursuing the Company’s bold ambitions, the Group CEO said the targets are not just metrics, but indicators of hope, jobs, industrial growth, and energy security for millions of Nigerians.

Describing NNPC Ltd. as a renewed, forward-facing, and future-ready organisation that is proudly leading Nigeria’s energy transformation, Ojulari said “it’s time we tell our story—one of innovation, reform, and national pride.”

He charged staff to be proud of NNPC Ltd.’s recent transformation, stressing that the next journey to becoming a fully-fledged limited liability company will require the collective drive towards making NNPC more transparent, profitable, and accountable.

The Group CEO pledged to give all employees the space to be able to outperform competitors.

“We will provide the best combination where the experienced and the young will both thrive towards achieving our set targets,” he assured.

He said his Management will deepen collaboration with the Company’s in-house and national unions to build a stronger, trust-based relationship that reflects shared purpose and mutual respect.

He also called on all staff to lead with integrity and act with urgency while bringing their very best to the table.

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LCCI, NIXIN Reel Actions to Boost Nigeria’s Paper Industry

He condemned the current tariff regime, which imposes duties on plain paper imports but allows for the importation of printed materials duty-free.

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The Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) has called on the Federal Government to provide policy support and incentives to boost local paper manufacturing in Nigeria.

The Chairman, LCCI, Printing Publishing and Allied Group (PPA), Gabriel Okonkwo, stressed the urgent need for government intervention in the paper manufacturing sector to revive local production and reduce Nigeria’s dependence on imports.

During a meeting with stakeholders at NIXIN Paper Mill, Okonkwo highlighted policy inconsistencies that have continued to undermine local manufacturers.

He condemned the current tariff regime, which imposes duties on plain paper imports but allows for the importation of printed materials duty-free.

“This unfair policy has created a lopsided competitive environment that favours foreign manufacturers over local producers.

“This has led to a situation where it’s cheaper to print books and other materials abroad and import them, rather than produce them locally,” he added.

As a result, a significant number of printing jobs are being outsourced to other countries, depriving our local industry of business opportunities.

If local manufacturers can provide high-quality paper at competitive prices, it would reduce our reliance on imports, conserve foreign exchange, create jobs, and contribute significantly to the economy,” Okonkwo said.

He pointed out that Nigeria’s large population, especially its student demographic, offers a massive market for paper products, calling on support for local paper manufacturers to produce at scale and competitive prices.

Reinforcing his call for increased confidence in local capacity, Okonkwo pointed to recent developments with the electoral body as a case in point. “INEC didn’t even believe we could produce ballot papers locally until recently.

It’s time we began to believe in and invest in our own,” Okonkwo stressed.

As part of NIXIN Paper Mill’s commitment to the nation’s self-sustenance, the paper mill is concentrated on increasing production capacity, improving product quality, and expanding its product line to meet the growing demands of the Nigerian market, thereby reducing the country’s dependence on foreign paper products and contributing to the growth of the local economy.

The Managing Director of NIXIN Paper Mill, Eric Wang, highlighted the potential of Nigeria’s paper industry, comparing it with his hometown in China, with a population of just 300,000, supporting a paper factory that consumes over 20,000 tons monthly.

In contrast, Nigeria, with a population exceeding 200 million, recorded only 70,000 to 75,000 tonnes per month, a figure he believes should be much higher given the country’s educational and commercial demands.

“We see that over 80 percent of Nigeria’s educational and printing materials are imported from Asia,” Wang stated.

Business Manager, NIXIN, Williams Sun, echoed that Nigeria significantly underutilized its local paper production capacity, with many orders still going to countries like India and China.

He emphasized the significant investment NIXIN has made of over $60 million and expressed frustration over the lack of returns, noting that one year into operations, the expected market response has yet to materialize.

Sun urged the government to support investors and take steps that will attract more players into the publishing and paper production space, which is critical for building a self-sufficient industry.

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AI’s Market Value Surging to $4.8 trillion by 2033- UNCTAD

Accordingly, the UN trade body urged: ” Countries should act now – by investing in digital infrastructure, building capabilities and strengthening AI governance – to harness the AI potential for sustainable development.

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A data center stores and processes data, the foundation on which AI systems learn, improve, and make decisions. © Shutterstock/Goodenough |

UN Trade and Development’s (UNCTAD) Technology and Innovation Report 2025  has projected that Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to reach $4.8 trillion in market value by 2033.

Accordingly, the UN trade body urged: ” Countries should act now – by investing in digital infrastructure, building capabilities and strengthening AI governance – to harness the AI potential for sustainable development.”

In the report, UNCTAD Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan underlined the importance of ensuring people are at the centre of AI development, calling for stronger international cooperation to “shift the focus from technology to people, enabling countries to co-create a global artificial intelligence framework”.

She said;” AI’s economic benefit is massive but must be shared, becoming a prominent force in digital transformation; noting that. however, access to AI infrastructure and expertise remains concentrated in a few economies.”

Just 100 firms, mainly in the US and China, account for 40% of global corporate research and development (R&D) spending. Leading tech giants, such as Apple, Nvidia and Microsoft, each have a market value of around $3 trillion, rivalling the gross domestic product of the whole African continent.

Market dominance, at both national and corporate levels, may widen technological divides, leaving many developing nations at risk of missing out on the benefits of AI.”

She emphasized that AI is reshaping jobs , and therefore, investment in skills is crucial”AI could impact 40% of jobs worldwide, offering productivity gains but also raising concerns about automation and job displacement.

The benefits of AI-driven automation often favour capital over labour, which could widen inequality and reduce the competitive advantage of low-cost labour in developing economies.

However, AI is not just about replacing jobs – it can also create new industries and empower workers.

Investing in reskilling, upskilling and workforce adaptation is essential to ensure AI enhances employment opportunities rather than eliminating them,” said Grynspan.

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