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The Role of Certificate of Occupancy in Property Valuation Method in Nigeria by Dennis Isong

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In Nigeria’s real estate landscape, property valuation serves as a crucial process that determines the worth of a property for various purposes, including buying, selling, and securing loans.

One significant document that plays a pivotal role in this process is the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O). This legal document, issued by the state government, confirms an individual’s right to use and occupy land for a specified period.

Understanding the interplay between the C of O and property valuation is essential for investors, developers, and homeowners alike, as it can significantly influence market perceptions and property prices.

Understanding the Certificate of Occupancy

The Certificate of Occupancy is a legal document that signifies ownership and the right to occupy land.

In Nigeria, land ownership is primarily governed by statutory laws, customary laws, and the Land Use Act of 1978, which mandates that all land in urban areas is owned by the government.

Thus, the issuance of a C of O is necessary to establish a legal claim over any parcel of land.  Obtaining a C of O is a comprehensive process that involves several steps, including land survey, payment of necessary fees, and completion of relevant documentation.

Once issued, the C of O provides security to the landowner by guaranteeing their rights against unlawful eviction or encroachment.

This security is a significant factor in property valuation. Properties with a valid C of O are generally seen as more valuable and less risky compared to those without, as the certificate signifies legal recognition and ownership rights.

C of O and Market Perception

The presence of a C of O can significantly influence market perception and the demand for a property. Properties with a valid Certificate of Occupancy are typically viewed as more desirable by potential buyers and investors.

This perception stems from the legal security that a C of O provides. Buyers are more likely to invest in properties with a C of O because they have assurance that their rights are protected, and the likelihood of disputes regarding ownership is minimized.

Moreover, lenders and financial institutions often require a C of O before approving loans for property purchases or developments.

A valid C of O enhances the credibility of the property, making it easier for buyers to secure financing.

In Nigeria, a C of O is usually granted for 99 years, and this long tenure can positively influence a property’s valuation.

This accessibility to finance, in turn, can lead to increased property demand, thereby driving up its valuation.

Conversely, properties lacking a C of O may be perceived as risky investments, resulting in lower valuations and reduced buyer interest.

Thus, the C of O serves as a critical indicator of a property’s reliability and marketability.

C of O in the Property Valuation Process

In the property valuation process, a valuer considers various factors to determine the value of a property. These factors typically include location, size, condition, and comparable sales in the area. However, the existence of a C of O is often a prominent consideration.

During the valuation process, valuers will assess the C of O to ascertain the legal standing of the property.

A valid C of O not only confirms ownership but also indicates compliance with local land use regulations, zoning laws, and building codes. Valuers may also take into account the duration of the C of O.

In Nigeria, a C of O is usually granted for 99 years, and this long tenure can positively influence a property’s valuation.

The security provided by a long-term C of O assures potential buyers of their rights over the property for an extended period, making it a more attractive investment.

Conversely, properties without a C of O, or those with expired or disputed certificates, may be valued lower due to the inherent risks associated with such properties.  

Furthermore, a C of O can impact future development potential, which is a crucial aspect of property valuation.

Properties with a valid C of O are more likely to receive the necessary approvals for development or alteration, while those without may face legal hurdles.

This potential for development can enhance the property’s value, as it indicates future income generation possibilities.

Consequently, valuers consider the C of O as a critical factor that influences the overall worth of the property in the market.

Challenges and Implications of C of O in Property Valuation

Despite its importance, the C of O is not without challenges. The process of obtaining a C of O can be lengthy and complex, leading to delays in property transactions.

In some cases, disputes over land ownership can arise, particularly in areas where customary land tenure systems are prevalent.

These disputes can complicate the valuation process, as properties with contentious C of Os may be difficult to sell and consequently valued lower.

Additionally, the presence of a C of O does not automatically guarantee a problem-free investment. Factors such as environmental issues, development restrictions, or changes in land use policies can affect property value.

Valuers must therefore conduct thorough due diligence, considering not only the existence of a C of O but also any associated risks or liabilities. 

In conclusion, the Certificate of Occupancy plays a crucial role in property valuation methods in Nigeria.

As a legal document that signifies ownership and security, it significantly influences market perception and property demand.

Valuers must consider the C of O when assessing a property’s value, as it reflects the legal standing and development potential of the land.

However, challenges associated with the C of O, such as ownership disputes and regulatory complexities, must also be navigated to ensure accurate valuations.

For stakeholders in the Nigerian real estate market, understanding the importance of the C of O is vital for making informed investment decisions and maximizing property value.  

▪︎ Dennis Isong is a TOP REALTOR IN LAGOS.He Helps Nigerians in Diaspora to Own Property In Lagos Nigeria STRESS-FREE. For Questions WhatsApp/Call 2348164741041

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At Heirs Energies Leadership Forum, Oil and Gas Leaders Unite to Drive Nigeria’s Oil Production  Growth 

The dialogue affirmed Nigeria’s commitment to increasing production,while maintaining environmental responsibility and leveraging gas as a transition fuel.

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▪︎HEIRS ENERGIES LEADERSHIP FORUM 2025

L-R: CCE, NUPRC, Engr. Gbenga Komolafe; CEO, Heirs Energies, Osa Igiehon; Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Oil), Senator Heineken Lokpobiri; Founder/Chairman, Heirs Holdings and Chairman Heirs Energies, Tony O. Elumelu, CFR; OPEC Board of Governors Chairman for Nigeria & CEO, First E&P, Ademola Adeyemi-Bero; CEO, Seplat Energy, Roger Brown and Executive Vice President, Upstream, NNPC Limited, Udobong Ntia, at the Heirs Energies’ Nigeria Petroleum Industry Discourse which held at the Transcorp Hilton Abuja.

Heirs Energies, Africa’s fastest growing indigenous integrated energy company, hosted its inaugural Petroleum Industry Leadership Dialogue at the Transcorp Hilton Abuja, bringing together public and private sector leaders to accelerateNigeria’s production growth.

Heirs Holdings’ subsidiary, Heirs Energies, convened the forum, moderated by CEO of Heirs Energies, Osayande Igiehon, and which featured distinguished speakers including the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Oil), Senator Heineken Lokpobiri; Chief Commission Executive, NUPRC, Engr. Gbenga Komolafe; Chairman, OPEC Board of Governors and CEO, First E&P, Adewale Adeyemo-Bero; Executive Vice-President Upstream, NNPC Limited, Udobong Ntia and CEO of Seplat Energy Plc, Roger Brown.

With a new administration and ambitious targets for production critical for Nigeria’s economic growth, the Dialogue provided a timely venue for private and public sectors to continue the successful interaction, that has already seen Nigeria crude production grow by 25%, since May 2023.

The speakers highlighted how a series of Presidential Executive Orders had radically reshaped the operating environment and catalysed industry growth.

Indigenous oil and gas companies were now responsible for more than 60% of Nigeria’s crude output and the successful indigenisation programme was delivering a bold new chapter in Nigeria’s natural resources history.

Tony Elumelu, Founder and Chairman of Heirs Holdings and Chairman of Heirs Energies, in his opening remarks, paid tribute to the catalytic role that current government had played in reinvigorating the sector.

Mr Elumelu also set out Heirs Holdings’ vision of transforming Africa’s energy landscape, through indigenous leadership and sustainable development.

Heirs Energies, in just four years, had rapidly grown its production from 21,000 to over 50,000 barrels per day of hydrocarbon.

Mr Elumelu also welcomed both public and private sector guests, emphasising the strong spirit of collaboration that underscored the successful indigenisation:

“Production growth, ambitious and sustained, is our shared national mission. I am honoured that Heirs Energies is bringing together distinguished peers from the industry and our partners in government.

As an investor not just in resources, but in Nigeria’s power production and distribution sectors, all of us, need to come together to ensure Nigerians get the benefits of our resources.

As we build Africa’s largest integrated energy business, innovation and collaboration are central to our execution”.

The dialogue affirmed Nigeria’s commitment to increasing production,while maintaining environmental responsibility and leveraging gas as a transition fuel.

Speaking at the forum, Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Oil), Sen. Heineken Lokpobiri, applauded Heirs Energies for hosting this inaugural event.

Indigenous oil and gas companies were now responsible for more than 60% of Nigeria’s crude output and the successful indigenisation programme was delivering a bold new chapter in Nigeria’s natural resources history.

“Let me express our gratitude to Heirs Energies for providing this platform for meaningful industry engagement.”

The Minister announced Nigeria’s oil production had reached 1.8 million barrels per day in January 2025 and set an ambitious target of 2.5 million barrels per day for 2025.

He also reaffirmed the administration’s “drill or drop” policy to accelerate production growth.

The Petroleum Industry Leadership Dialogue, which will become an annual event, brought together key stakeholders in the oil and gas industry, including MD of The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Osagie Okunbor; Managing Director of Aradel Holdings, Adegbite Falade and industry veteran and founder of Platform Petroleum & Managing Director A.A Holdings, Austin Avuru, among others.

NUPRC Chief Executive, Engr. Gbenga Komolafe, empahsised the dialogues significance in advancing the sectors objectives,

“I thank Heirs Energies for this beautiful initiative of putting together the Petroleum Industry Leadership Dialogue as a commitment to achieving our national objective in the upstream sector.”

He highlighted the surge in active drilling rigs to 38, with projections to reach 50 by March 2025.

OPEC Board of Governors Chairman for Nigeria and CEO, First E&P, Ademola Adeyemi-Bero, commended the forum’s timing, noting “It’s apt.

It’s early in the year and it’s about how we grow production.

That’s why you see all of us participating.” He shared how indigenous operators have successfully increased production, citing his company’s achievement of 57,000 barrels per day from previously untapped fields.Heirs Energies CEO, Osa Igiehon, reinforced this perspective, showcasing Heirs Energies’ impact in Nigeria’s onshore sector.

“Our success at Heirs Energies demonstrates what’s possible in Nigeria’s onshore sector, through our Brownfield Excellence Strategy, robust security measures, and genuine community partnership,” he said.

“By tripling our producing wells to over 100, we’ve shown how indigenous operators can efficiently unlock value while ensuring sustainable development of host communities.

“The Petroleum Industry Leadership Dialogue also exemplified Heirs Energies’ commitment to Mr Elumelu’s Africapitalism, the private sector’s transformative role in driving Africa’s economic and social development through strategic, long-term investments hinged on partnership and collaboration.

Heirs Energies Limited is Africa’s leading indigenous-owned integrated energy company, committed to meeting Africa’s unique energy needs while aligning with global sustainability goals.

With a strong focus on innovation, environmental responsibility, and community development, Heirs Energies leads in the evolving energy landscape and contributes to a more prosperous Africa.

Heirs Energies is a key implementor of Heirs Holdings integrated energy strategy, Africa’s largest integrated energy business, , whose objective is to ensure Africans benefit directly from their continent’s resources.

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Here’s When To Watch Lunar Crescent Across Nigeria on Friday, February 28, according to NASRDA

The last cities to experience the lunar crescent, he said, would be Lagos and Abeokuta between the hours of 6:59 pm to 7:30 pm.

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The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) said that Nigeria would likely witness its first astronomical lunar crescent on Friday evenings, February 28.

The Director of Media and Corporate Communications of NASRDA, Dr. Felix Ale, disclosed this in a statement, saying that the lunar crescent had been calculated to occur at 1:45 A.M. West African Time (WAT).

He said that the predicted time of 1:45 A.M time, also known as the Crescent Zero hour, would be when the crescent could be seen under perfect atmospheric conditions with the aid of optical instruments like binoculars or telescopes.

“The crescent will become visible to the naked eye in the evening of Friday, February 28, 2025, between 6:17 PM and 7:35 PM across different locations in Nigeria.

“Maiduguri will be the first city to witness the young lunar crescent from 6:17 PM to 6:48 PM, followed by Yola, Adamawa State, from 6:21 PM to 6:51 PM.

“Damaturu, Yobe, will follow from 6:22 PM to 6:53 PM, Kano, Kastina, Jos and Kaduna will experience the first lunar crescent between 6:38 pm and 7:12 pm.

“The sunset and moon set will occur between 6:35 pm and 7:12 pm, 6:38 pm and 7:15 pm, 6:35 pm and 7:11 pm, 6:40 pm and 7:17 pm respectively.

“Enugu will experience the lunar crescent between 6:42 pm and 7:32 pm with sunset and moonset at about 6:42 pm and 7:18 pm,’’ he said.

He predicted that in the FCT, the first lunar crescent would appear between 6:44 pm and 7:15 pm, with sunset and moonset at about 6:44 pm and 7:20 pm.

The last cities to experience the lunar crescent, he said, would be Lagos and Abeokuta between the hours of 6:59 pm to 7:30 pm.

Ale said that other cities across the federation will experience the lunar crescent at different times within the estimated visibility window of 6:17 pm and 7:35 pm on the same day.

He said “For a clear sighting of the first lunar crescent, observers are to use optical aids where necessary, and observe under clear atmospheric conditions.

“Observers are to position themselves in locations with an unobstructed view of the western horizon after sunset.

“He added that the scientific report provided precise predictions on the lunar crescent across locations of the country.

According to him, the report ensured accuracy for those who relied on lunar observations for religious, cultural, and scientific purposes.

The space agency encouraged researchers, scholars, and religious groups to utilise the findings, adding that anyone requiring additional data for further analyses could visit the official office website.

Director, the Centre for Basic Space Science and Astronomy (CBSSA), an activity centre of NASRDA, Dr Bonaventure Okere, said it was regarded as the first stage of the moon, hence the new crescent.

Okere said the appearance of the new crescent was highly significant in the Islamic religion because it was used to determine some rites and practices like the beginning of the Ramadan fast.

“The Islamic religion uses moon phases for their Islamic rites but astronomers study the cycle of the rising and setting of the moon to determine moon days, which is usually 28 days.

“Astronomers use the moon cycle to generate the Lunar calendar, understand the part of the moon you can see daily,’’ he said.

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Kogi State Mourns Loss of Media Icon Prof. Tom Adaba

Prof. Adaba, who passed away at the age of 83, was celebrated for his trailblazing contributions to Nigeria’s media landscape.

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The Kogi State Government has expressed a huge sense of loss following the demise of Prof. Tom Adaba, a pioneering broadcast expert, patriot, and distinguished son of Kogi.

Prof. Adaba, who passed away at the age of 83, was celebrated for his trailblazing contributions to Nigeria’s media landscape.

Prof. Adaba’s legacy is marked by groundbreaking achievements.

He was one of the first Nigerians to earn a Doctorate in Mass Communication, setting a high standard for academic excellence in the field.

His visionary leadership was evident during his tenure as the Principal of the Nigerian Television College, Jos, and as the inaugural Director General of the National Broadcasting Commission.

His work not only transformed the media industry but also laid a strong foundation for ethical journalism and responsible broadcasting across the nation.

In an official condolence message signed by the State Information Commissioner, Mr Kingsley Fanwo, the Kogi State Government described Prof. Adaba as “a media colossus, patriot, and a distinguished Nigerian” whose wisdom and dedication left an indelible mark on the country.

The government extended heartfelt condolences to his family, friends, and the entire media community, urging that his legacy be remembered as a beacon of inspiration.

The statement reads: “We have lost a great media pioneer whose life-long contributions to Nigeria’s broadcasting industry will forever be cherished. May the Almighty God grant him eternal rest and give his loved ones the strength to bear this irreparable loss.”

Prof. Adaba’s passing is not only a significant loss to Kogi State but also to Nigeria as a whole.

His illustrious career and unwavering patriotism will continue to inspire future generations in the realms of media and beyond.

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