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How Iran chooses its supreme leader, and who could be next?

Under Iran’s constitution, the supreme leader is appointed by the Assembly of Experts, an 88-member clerical body elected by the public every eight years.

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Key Contenders: Hassan Khomeini; Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei, and Alireza Arafi.Credit: CNBC

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s death following joint U.S.-Israeli airstrikes has thrust Iran’s leadership into the urgent process of selecting a new supreme leader.

CNBC reports that under Iran’s constitution, the supreme leader is appointed by the Assembly of Experts, an 88-member clerical body elected by the public every eight years.

Candidates for the Assembly are first vetted by the Guardian Council, tightly controlling who can run.

When the position becomes vacant, the Assembly convenes to deliberate and select a successor.

The decision requires a simple majority vote.In the interim, a provisional three-member leadership council assumes the supreme leader’s duties until a replacement is formally appointed.

In the interim, a provisional three-member leadership council assumes the supreme leader’s duties until a replacement is formally appointed.

On Sunday, local media reported that the temporary council comprises President Masoud Pezeshkian, Judiciary Chief Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei and Ayatollah Alireza Arafi, who serves as the Guardian Council’s representative.

The council’s authority is strictly transitional, while the Assembly of Experts retains sole constitutional power to choose Iran’s next supreme leader.

On Polymarket, traders are pricing Mohseni-Ejei as the narrow frontrunner at roughly 18%. Other top contenders include Arafi and Iranian cleric Hassan Khomeini.

The “Position abolished” outcome is trading close behind, suggesting that while markets still lean toward an individual successor, there is meaningful speculation around a potential structural change to the office itself.

Here are some key contenders:

  1. 1. Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei
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Mohseni-Ejei has been the Chief Justice of Iran since July 2021, overseeing the country’s judiciary and supervising legal policy across the Islamic Republic. Before that, he served as prosecutor-general from 2009 to 2014, was first deputy head and spokesperson of the judiciary from 2014 until 2021, and earlier held national security roles, including minister of intelligence from 2005 until 2009.

He has also been a longtime member of the Expediency Discernment Council, a key advisory body to Iran’s leadership, and his career has spanned senior positions in both the judicial and security apparatus.

2. Hassan Khomeini

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Khomeini is the grandson of Islamic Republic founder Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, could theoretically serve as a bridge between the revolutionary system and reform-minded constituencies, said the Council on Foreign Relations.

CFR suggested that elevating someone like him might help preserve the core structure of the Islamic Republic, ease Iran’s international isolation, and address popular dissatisfaction at home.

3. Alireza Arafi

Arafi is a senior Iranian cleric and influential figure within the Islamic Republic’s religious and political hierarchy.

He has risen through the clerical establishment with a series of key appointments, including director of Iran’s seminaries, Friday Prayer leader in Qom, and member of both the Guardian Council and the Assembly of Experts, the body constitutionally tasked with selecting the supreme leader.

Arafi’s roles in shaping theological education and vetting political candidates have made him a central fixture in Iran’s clerical power structure.

What’s next?

Under Article 111 of Iran’s constitution, the death or incapacity of the supreme leader immediately triggers the formation of a temporary leadership council to exercise his powers until a successor is chosen.The constitution does not set a strict deadline for the Assembly of Experts to appoint a new leader, but it states that the Assembly must act “in the shortest possible time.”

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International

Democrats Win US midterm elections

Trump acknowledges the Iran war, and the rising cost of living, were factors in his Republican Party’s defeat – as the White House posts on social media: “Trump is still your president”

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US President Donald Trump

The Democrats win the Senate and the House in US midterm elections, taking control of Congress for the rest of Donald Trump’s tenure.

Voters in conservative bastions who had propelled the president to his second term in office just two years ago swung dramatically toward Democrats, fueled by deep frustration over the unpopular war with Iran, anxiety over the high cost of living and anger at ‌Trump’s stewardship of the country.

Trump acknowledges the Iran war, and the rising cost of living, were factors in his Republican Party’s defeat – as the White House posts on social media: “Trump is still your president”

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In Texas, the biggest Republican state, Democrats ended a decades-long losing streak in seismic fashion, winning a Senate seat and ousting three-term Governor Greg Abbott.Kansas elected its first Democratic senator since the Great Depression nearly a century ago, and in South Carolina, a state that Trump carried by nearly 18 points in 2024, Democrats turned aside his hand-picked Senate candidate.The results will usher in a new era of divided government in Washington, following two years in which the Republican-controlled Congress rarely exercised its power to rein in Trump.

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International

JUST IN: Plane Crash Near Trump’s Florida Home Kills All 9 Aboard

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A private Learjet 60 crashed into a residential neighborhood in Palm Beach County, Florida, on Sunday afternoon, killing all nine people on board, officials confirmed.

The aircraft, flying from Austin, Texas, to the Bahamas, went down around 12:50 p.m. local time near Cresthaven/Greenacres, roughly 7–11 kilometers (about 4–7 miles) from President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort.

It struck near a busy roadway at the entrance to a mobile-home community, creating a large fireball and leaving a crater in the road. Debris was scattered across a wide area, and nearby power and water lines were damaged.

Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy called the crash a “horrific tragedy” and confirmed there were no survivors among the nine occupants.

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis described the impact as “cataclysmic,” saying it “looked like a missile going down.” No injuries were reported among people on the ground. About 600 residents of a nearby mobile-home park were evacuated.

Trump had been at Mar-a-Lago earlier Sunday but departed on Air Force One from the nearby airport about an hour before the crash.

The National Transportation Safety Board is leading the investigation, with support from the Federal Aviation Administration.

Early reports noted the crew had discussed moderate turbulence and ice shortly before the steep descent.

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International

Tens of thousands protest against Narendra Modi regime in Delhi

The protest was one of the largest shows of opposition strength in years, taking place amid a wider resurgence of anti-government dissent which has been systematically crushed over the 12 years of the Modi regime.

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Thousands of opposition supporters have gathered in Delhi as protests against the Narendra Modi government continue to gather momentum.

Led by the Congress party, India’s opposition alliance has brought together supporters from across the country, amid growing anger over a large-scale revision of the country’s voter roll that has seen 130 million names erased.

Opposition leaders have alleged the process gives Modi’s ruling Bharatiya Janata party (BJP) an electoral advantage, and have called for the resignation and impeachment of the chief election commissioner, Gyanesh Kumar.

The BJP has denied the claims.

Addressing tens of thousands of party workers and supporters, the opposition leader Rahul Gandhi said Kumar had “carried out the biggest crime. He has tried to silence the voice of people, strangulate our country.”

Gandhi said the opposition, united under the acronym India (Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance), would not let “democracy be finished in the country” and warned Modi: “You can’t run anywhere.”

The protest was one of the largest shows of opposition strength in years, taking place amid a wider resurgence of anti-government dissent which has been systematically crushed over the 12 years of the Modi regime.

The Guardian Uk

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