US tariffs of 50 per cent took effect on Wednesday on many Indian products, doubling an existing duty as President Donald Trump sought to punish New Delhi for buying Russian oil.

India has criticised the levies as “unfair, unjustified and unreasonable”, with its export body calling on Wednesday for government intervention to assuage fears of heavy job cuts.

Trump has raised pressure on India over the energy transactions, a key source of revenue for Moscow’s war in Ukraine, as part of a campaign to end the conflict.

The latest salvo strains US-India ties, giving New Delhi fresh incentive to improve relations with Beijing.

While Trump has slapped fresh duties on allies and competitors alike since returning to the presidency in January, this 50-per cent level is among the highest that US trading partners face.

Crucially, however, exemptions remain for sectors that could be hit with separate levies — such as pharmaceuticals, computer chips and smartphones.

Industries that have already been singled out, such as steel, aluminium and automobiles, are similarly spared these countrywide levies.

The United States was India’s top export destination in 2024, with shipments worth $87.3 billion.

But analysts have cautioned that a 50-per cent duty is akin to a trade embargo and is likely to harm smaller firms.

Exporters of textiles, seafood and jewellery were already reporting cancelled US orders and losses to rivals such as Bangladesh and Vietnam, raising fears of heavy job cuts.

Ajay Sahai, director general of the Federation of Indian Export Organisations, called for “liquidity support from the government”.

“We want to ensure that even if business stops, we are able to keep workers on the payroll”, he told AFP, saying they were “still optimistic” for trade negotiations.

– ‘Eroded trust’ –

The world’s fifth-largest economy is looking to cushion the blow, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi promising to lower the tax burden on citizens during an annual speech to mark India’s independence.

Modi earlier vowed self-reliance, pledging to defend his country’s interests.

The foreign ministry previously said India had begun importing oil from Russia as traditional supplies were diverted to Europe over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

It noted that Washington actively encouraged such imports at the time to strengthen stability in the global energy market.

Russia accounted for nearly 36 percent of India’s total crude oil imports in 2024. Buying Russian oil saved India billions of dollars on import costs, keeping domestic fuel prices relatively stable.

But the Trump administration held firm on its tariff plans in the lead-up to Wednesday’s deadline.

Trump’s trade adviser Peter Navarro told reporters last week that “India doesn’t appear to want to recognise its role in the bloodshed.”

“It’s cozying up to Xi Jinping,” Navarro added, referring to the Chinese president.

Wendy Cutler, from the Asia Society Policy Institute, said India had moved from being “a promising candidate for an early trade deal to a nation facing among the highest tariffs”

Cutler, a former US trade official, said the “high tariffs have quickly eroded trust between the two countries, which could take years to rebuild.

Trump has used tariffs as a tool for addressing everything from what Washington deems as unfair trade practices to trade imbalances.

US trade deficits were a key justification behind his higher duties on dozens of economies taking effect in early August — hitting partners from the European Union to Indonesia.

But the 79-year-old Republican has also taken aim at specific countries such as Brazil over the trial of its former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is accused of plotting a coup.

US tariffs on many Brazilian goods surged to 50 per cent this month, but with broad exemptions.

AFP

Following Sunday’s Abuja to Kaduna train derail, Ohibaba.com fact-checks what causes train derailments?

Here are the factors:

Human Error

1. Operator error: Mistakes made by train operators, such as excessive speed or failure to follow safety protocols.

2. Maintenance negligence: Failure to properly maintain tracks, trains, or equipment.

Mechanical Failure

1. Track defects: Poorly maintained or damaged tracks can cause trains to derail.2. *Wheel or axle failure*: Mechanical failures in train wheels or axles can lead to derailment.

3. Brake failure: Failure of braking systems can cause trains to lose control and derail.

Environmental Factors

1. Weather conditions: Extreme weather, such as heavy rain, snow, or heat, can cause tracks to become damaged or unstable.

2. Natural disasters: Events like earthquakes, landslides, or floods can damage tracks or disrupt train operations.

Other Factors

Collisions: Collisions with other trains, vehicles, or objects can cause derailments.

2. Sabotage or vandalism: Intentional damage to tracks or trains can lead to derailments.

3. Design or manufacturing flaws

: Flaws in train or track design can contribute to derailments.Investigations into train derailments often involve analyzing these factors to determine the root cause of the incident.

Meanwhile, the Nigerian Railway Corporation has announced the suspension of train operations on the Abuja-Kaduna corridor following the derailment incident.

Managing Director of the NRC, Kayode Opeifa, said that services will remain suspended until investigations are concluded and safety is assured.

“Technical teams from the NRC, officials of the Nigeria Safety Investigation Bureau, NSIB, and other relevant agencies are already at the scene to determine the cause of the derailment and ensure preventive measures are put in place,” he said.

The Nigerian Railway Corporation, NRC, has announced the suspension of train operations on the Abuja-Kaduna corridor following Sunday’s derailment incident.

Managing Director of the NRC, Kayode Opeifa, confirmed the development during a press briefing in Abuja, stressing that services will remain suspended until investigations are concluded and safety is assured.

According to him, technical teams from the NRC, officials of the Nigeria Safety Investigation Bureau, NSIB, and other relevant agencies are already at the scene to determine the cause of the derailment and ensure preventive measures are put in place.

Opeifa dismissed speculations suggesting that the trains were poorly maintained, noting that the corporation has consistently adhered to safety standards.

He also disclosed that refunds have been processed for all passengers affected by the disruption.

The NRC boss also revealed that six passengers sustained minor injuries during the incident and have since received medical attention.

However, he explained that the total number of passengers on board at the time of the derailment was still being verified.

Meanwhile, the NSIB has formally opened an investigation into the incident as authorities work to restore safe and efficient rail services along the route.