Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor, Olayemi Cardoso, has warned that excess liquidity and the 2027 election cycle could threaten Nigeria’s hard-won economic stability, urging careful management to protect reforms that have strengthened the economy.

Cardoso expressed the concern during the National Economic Council (NEC) Conference 2026 at the Presidential Villa, themed: “Delivering Inclusive Growth and Sustainable National Development: The Renewed Hope National Development Plan,” Cardoso addressed the “Fiscal and Monetary Outlook 2026–2030: Priorities and Imperatives” panel.

Cardoso said: “The cost of loose monetary policy accessibility, the cost of having to soak up all that liquidity was a problem.

Next slide and persistent inflation. Inflation has served the 34.6% dysfunctional FX market.

You all remember, there’s a huge backlog of over $7 billion and that the parallel market premium exceeded 16% loss of investor confidence.

Everybody took flights, nobody went to hold Naira, and it was a very desperate situation.h

Then, of course, there was direct intervention by the Central Bank, which reached an unprecedented level of 10.93 trillion Naira, which honestly was a huge problem.”

He noted that these interventions “provided short-term support, which many people would argue, but created long-term mandatory distortions, excess liquidity and increased cost of liquidity management.”

Cardoso outlined the three-pillar response that restored stability.

First, “a decisive monetary policy on V set NPR increased by a very aggressive 875 basis points to decisively tackle inflation. And of course, we move back to what we call orthodox monetary policy.

We phase out all quasi-fiscal development finance interventions to focus squarely on price stability, because without that, you have no growth, you have no investment, you have no growth.”

Second, he stressed the importance of transparency and market-driven reforms: “Engineering a market-driven ethics regime, which we’ve been talking about for a long time, unification and price discovery, clearing the FX backlog and institutionalised transparency, which, to my mind, is a very, very key ingredient of managing the FX market.”

Third, Cardoso highlighted fiscal coordination: “Enhanced fiscal coordination, adhering to statutory limits of deficit financing, good ways and means advances to the government, and we had to have a sharp decline in that, from 2.65% in 2023 to 0.69% in 2024.”

The results, he said, are evident across key economic indicators:

“Sustained GDP growth of 3.98%, strong current accounts, for a very long time we haven’t had that $3.42 billion surplus recorded in the third quarter of 2020, by a significant improvement, significant maturation, inflation at 15.15%, banking sector soundness, and growing external reserves of $49 billion as of February 5, 2026.”